Gum Disease (Periodontitis)
Understanding gum disease stages, symptoms, and how to prevent tooth loss.
What is Gum Disease?
Gum disease, also called periodontal disease, is an infection of the tissues that hold your teeth in place. It is typically caused by poor brushing and flossing habits that allow plaque—a sticky film of bacteria—to build up on the teeth and harden.
Stages of Gum Disease
Gum disease progresses through stages:
- Gingivitis: Early stage with red, swollen gums that may bleed. Reversible with treatment.
- Early Periodontitis: Gums begin pulling away from teeth, forming pockets.
- Moderate Periodontitis: More bone loss and deeper pockets develop.
- Advanced Periodontitis: Severe bone loss, loose teeth, possible tooth loss.
Warning Signs
Watch for these symptoms:
- Red, swollen, or tender gums
- Bleeding when brushing or flossing
- Gums pulling away from teeth
- Persistent bad breath
- Loose or separating teeth
- Changes in bite or how dentures fit
Risk Factors
Several factors increase your risk:
- Smoking or tobacco use
- Diabetes
- Certain medications
- Genetics
- Hormonal changes
- Poor nutrition
Treatment
Treatment depends on the stage:
- Professional cleaning and improved home care for gingivitis
- Scaling and root planing (deep cleaning) for periodontitis
- Antibiotics to control infection
- Surgery for advanced cases (flap surgery, bone grafts)
- Ongoing maintenance and regular cleanings
Frequently Asked Questions
Can gum disease be cured?
Gingivitis (early gum disease) is reversible with proper treatment and good oral hygiene. Advanced periodontitis cannot be fully cured, but it can be managed and controlled to prevent further damage and tooth loss.
Is gum disease linked to other health problems?
Yes, research has linked gum disease to heart disease, diabetes, stroke, and respiratory problems. The inflammation and bacteria from gum disease can affect other parts of the body.
How often should I get my teeth cleaned if I have gum disease?
People with gum disease typically need cleanings every 3-4 months instead of the standard 6 months. Your dentist or periodontist will recommend a schedule based on your specific condition.
Medical Disclaimer
This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified dental professional for diagnosis and treatment of dental conditions.
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