Cavities (Tooth Decay)
Everything you need to know about cavities, from causes to treatment options.
What is a Cavity?
A cavity, also known as tooth decay or dental caries, is a permanently damaged area in the hard surface of your tooth that develops into tiny openings or holes. Cavities are among the most common health problems worldwide and can affect anyone with teeth.
Causes of Cavities
Cavities are caused by a combination of factors:
- Bacteria in your mouth that feed on sugars and starches
- Frequent snacking or sipping sugary drinks
- Not cleaning your teeth well or often enough
- Not getting enough fluoride
- Dry mouth (lack of saliva)
- Eating disorders or acid reflux
Symptoms
Cavity symptoms vary depending on severity:
- Toothache or spontaneous pain
- Tooth sensitivity to sweet, hot, or cold
- Visible holes or pits in teeth
- Brown, black, or white staining on tooth surface
- Pain when biting down
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the severity of the cavity:
- Fluoride treatments for early-stage cavities
- Fillings (most common treatment)
- Crowns for extensively decayed teeth
- Root canals if decay reaches the pulp
- Tooth extraction in severe cases
Prevention
You can prevent cavities with good oral hygiene:
- Brush twice daily with fluoride toothpaste
- Floss daily
- Limit sugary snacks and drinks
- Visit your dentist regularly
- Consider dental sealants
- Drink tap water with fluoride
Frequently Asked Questions
Can a cavity heal on its own?
Very early-stage cavities (before a hole forms) can sometimes be reversed with fluoride treatment and good oral hygiene. However, once a cavity has formed a hole in the tooth, it cannot heal on its own and requires professional treatment.
How long does it take for a cavity to form?
Cavities typically develop over months or years, not overnight. The process can be faster if you have poor oral hygiene, a diet high in sugar, or dry mouth. Regular dental checkups can catch cavities early.
Are cavities contagious?
The bacteria that cause cavities can be transmitted through saliva, such as sharing utensils or kissing. However, cavities themselves are not contagious - you need both the bacteria and the right conditions (sugar, poor hygiene) for cavities to develop.
How much does it cost to fill a cavity?
The cost varies based on the filling material and location. Silver amalgam fillings typically cost $50-$150, while tooth-colored composite fillings range from $90-$250. With dental insurance, you may pay 20-50% of these costs.
Medical Disclaimer
This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified dental professional for diagnosis and treatment of dental conditions.
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